Our students are taught to cite their sources of information. They realize that citing sources allows teachers to check information and that it is important to give credit where credit is due. They recognize that it is wrong to use someone else's work as if it were their own. Citing also encourages students to critically evaluate sources for accuracy, point of view, and authority.

The North Andover elementary and middle schools require the following information for bibliographic citations of the various print and non-print sources noted. Please remember to use the punctuation shown in the examples and, if listing more than one source, to arrange in alphabetical order by the first words of each citation.

The North Andover High School uses the format based on the MLA Stylesheet introduced by the English Department to students in grades 9 - 12. Although basic citations are included here, please have students refer to their text for specifics. The book is Writers INC: A Student Handbook for Writing and Learning, written and compiled by Dave Kemper, Patrick Sebranek, and Verne Meyer. The 2001 edition is published by Houghton Mifflin.

Books

• Grade 1 cite the TITLE.
  example --Arizona.
  
• Grade 2 cite the AUTHOR (last name first) AND TITLE.
  example -- Fradin, Dennis. Arizona.
  
• Grade 3 cite the AUTHOR (last name first), TITLE, AND PUBLISHER.
  example -- Fradin, Dennis. Arizona. Children's Press.
  
• Grades 4 and 5 cite the AUTHOR (last name first), TITLE, PUBLISHER, AND COPYRIGHT DATE.
  example -- Fradin, Dennis. Arizona. Children's Press, 1993.
  
• Grades 6 - 12 cite the AUTHOR (last name first, and, for editor, use abbreviation "ed."), TITLE, PLACE OF PUBLICATION, PUBLISHER, AND COPYRIGHT DATE.
  example -- Morgan, Edmund S. The Birth of the Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.

CD-ROM:

• Grades 1, 2, and 3 cite the TITLE AND "CD-ROM".
  example -- The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM.

• Grades 4 and 5 cite the TITLE, "CD-ROM," AND COPYRIGHT DATE.
  example -- The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1995.

• Grades 6 - 12 cite the TITLE, "CD-ROM," EDITION, AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION: PUBLISHER, COPYRIGHT DATE. 
  example -- The World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1995 ed. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 1995.

Encyclopedia (print form):

• Grades 1 and 2 cite the TITLE.
  example -- World Book Encyclopedia.

• Grades 3 and 4 cite the TITLE, COPYRIGHT DATE or EDITION.
  example -- World Book Encyclopedia. 1995.

• Grades 5 - 12 cite the (AUTHOR, LAST NAME FIRST if known), "NAME OF ARTICLE", TITLE, COPYRIGHT DATE or EDITION.
  example -- "Arizona." World Book Encyclopedia. 1995.

Internet Websites

• Grades 1 through 4 cite the TITLE OF WEBPAGE, AND <URL ADDRESS>
  example -- Back to School in Afghanistan <http://www.whitehouse.gov/kids/connection/backtoschool.html >

• Grades 5 through 8 cite the SOURCE IF AVAILABLE (ie. author or organization), TITLE OF WEBPAGE, AND <URL ADDRESS>
  example -- White House Kids. Back to School in Afghanistan <http://www.whitehouse.gov/kids/connection/backtoschool.html >

• Grades 9 - 12, see pp. 273 - 274 in Writers INC.

Magazines and Newspapers

• Grades 1, 2 and 3 cite the TITLE.
  example -- Ranger Rick.

• Grade 4 cite the TITLE, ISSUE DATE, AND PAGES.
  example -- Ranger Rick March, 1997, pp. 32-37.

• Grades 5 through 12 cite the AUTHOR (last name first), "NAME OF ARTICLE", TITLE, ISSUE DATE: AND PAGES.
  example -- Lambeth, Ellen. "Do Animals Think?" Ranger Rick March, 1997: 32-37.

Printed Material such as Pamphlets, Maps etc.

• Grades 1 through 8 cite the TITLE, TYPE OF PRINTED FORMAT, AND COPYRIGHT, IF AVAILABLE.
  example -- Tourist Attractions in Arizona. Pamphlet, 1990.

Audio-Visual Formats: Videos, Audiotapes, Television Shows etc.

• Grades 1 through 5 cite the TITLE, TYPE OF FORMAT, AND COPYRIGHT, IF AVAILABLE, OR DATE OF VIEWING:
  example -- How Animals Move. Videocassette, 1989.
  example -- 60 Minutes. Television Show, 2 March, 1997.
  
• Grades 6 through 8 cite the TITLE, TYPE OF FORMAT, PRODUCER, AND COPYRIGHT, IF AVAILABLE, OR DATE OF VIEWING.
  example -- How Animals Move. Videocassette. National Geographic Society, 1989.
  example -- "Andy Rooney."60 Minutes. Television Show. CBS, 2 March, 1997.
  (Note: include speaker's name if significant, as in "Andy Rooney.")

Personal or Telephone Interviews

• Grades 1 through 8 cite the NAME OF PERSON INTERVIEWED, TYPE OF INTERVIEW, AND DATE OF INTERVIEW.
  example -- Lincoln, Richard. Personal Interview. 5 March, 1997.